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In
the scientific literature of recent years, one can find many examples
of studying the concentration of radon as harbingers of volcanic
eruptions and
earthquakes. The first studies were carried out before the Tashkent
earthquake
of 1968. There are many approaches to solving this problem. The
measurement of
radon concentration is mainly carried out either on the surface of the
earth
with the help of a storage chamber, or with the help of special
devices, where
air containing radon is pumped through a measuring unit.
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Measuring
the concentration of radon in water is a different approach.
Measuring the concentration of radon in water is carried out by
passing air through the water, which captures radon and carries it to
the
measuring element. All methods used air as a method of radon extraction.
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Many
researchers note that radon must be carried by fast-moving liquids
rising to the surface through cracks. Thus, the conclusion suggests
that the
closer to the surface of the bottom of a volcanic lake the measuring
device is
located, the more likely it is that the concentration of radon and the
concentration (level) of the daughter products of radon decay can be
measured
with less error. The conditions for measuring the concentration of
radon and
radon decay daughter products at the bottom of an acidic volcanic lake
are very
stringent. At a depth of 100 to 300 meters, it is not possible to use
traditional methods of extracting radon from water using air. It is
advisable
to use a radon measurement method that is somewhat similar to the use
of a
storage chamber.
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| The data obtained with the help of a special
transmitting device are transmitted to the receiving device located on
the
shore of the lake. The receiving device receives data from an
underwater radon
radiosonde, processes (divides the information into two streams - from
the
radon concentration sensor and from the sensor for measuring the
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background).
It is also possible to use several more sensors, for
example, a temperature
and
pH
sensor. The underwater radiosonde must also include a pressure sensor
to determine the depth of the radiosonde. By the way, knowing the depth
of the bottom of a volcanic lake, with the help of a pressure sensor
installed on an underwater radiosonde, it is possible to determine the
height
of the lake surface level. The body of the radiosonde is made of
acid-resistant
plastic. |
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The
power supply can have several configurations. The simplest option is
a battery, or ordinary batteries, which will provide continuous
operation for
several weeks. In the case of a battery, a few days before the battery
is
completely discharged, the system generates a special signal that tells
the
operator that after a certain number of days, the underwater radiosonde
will
surface to change the power source.
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Information
from the receiving device is sent to a special radio beacon
operating in automatic mode. The operating frequency is in the short
radio wave
range, in the range specially allocated for the operation of radio
beacons. The period of operation of the
radio beacon
(information transmission) is determined by the operator. The signal of
the
radio beacon is confidently received by any short-wave receiver within
a radius
of 50-200 km from the radio beacon. And a signal containing information
about
the concentration of radon and the level of radioactive
background and other parameters (temperature, pressure, acidity) can be
transmitted further through the Internet to all interested
organizations.
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